Federal Government Appeals 340B Child Site Ruling — FQHC Site-Expansion Strategies Back in Legal Limbo

The federal government has appealed the March 3, 2026 district court ruling that struck down HRSA's 340B child site registration requirement. The original ruling let 340B child sites access discounts immediately upon opening — without waiting for Medicare cost report filing and HRSA database registration. That was a significant operational win for FQHCs expanding sites (especially during the H.R. 1 site-multiplication strategy CFOs have been pursuing). An appeal could reverse that win, force FQHCs back to delayed eligibility (potentially 6-18 months of delayed 340B savings on new sites), and disrupt FQHC site-expansion strategies. The government may also seek a stay during appeal — which would effectively pause the favorable ruling while the appellate court considers it. Strategic implication: any FQHC that announced or is mid-flight on new site openings should immediately: (1) document existing 340B savings projections, (2) prepare contingency revenue forecasts assuming delayed eligibility, (3) coordinate with NACHC for amicus support if the appellate timeline accelerates. Pairs with the 4th Circuit contract pharmacy ruling already tracked — 340B litigation is a constant moving target through 2026.